Which cancer types is each miRNA associated with?
miR-21-5p is the most broadly overexpressed cancer-associated miRNA known — it is elevated in virtually all cancer types including prostate, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, lung, ovarian, gastric, bladder, and brain cancers. miR-375-3p is strongly associated with prostate, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, where it promotes cancer-specific signaling pathways. miR-141-3p (a member of the miR-200 family) is particularly associated with prostate cancer progression and colorectal cancer metastasis, and is also overexpressed in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. All three markers are broadly associated with cancer biology rather than being restricted to a single organ, which is why they collectively cover six cancer types simultaneously.